การวิจัยและพัฒนาด้านข้าวเพื่อการใช้ประโยชน์จากแหล่งพันธุกรรม การผลิตพันธุ์ข้าวปลูกอีสาน การแปรรูปเพื่อเพิ่มมูลค่า การพัฒนาเขตกรรมและวิถีชุมชน

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Abstract

Khon Kaen University rice research program has been granted to conduct research to support the development and application of cultivated and indigenous rice Thai rice varieties. This research program will use community-supported agriculture approach to expedite and increase farmer income and reduce cost for rice production. The program has been performed through 5 learning and innovation platforms.

(1) Characterization of germplasm of indigenous Thai rice variety. Approx. 2.9 tons of Malet Phai rice grains were successfully produced. The farmers have improved the skills and techniques for the production of a good quality rice grain. Rice grains have been cryopreserved and soaking rice callus in the PVS3 followed dipping in liquid nitrogen was more effective than a direct dipping of grains into liquid nitrogen. The materials suitable of rice storage bag were aluminum foil for Thai jasmine red rice. While, 2-layer gunny-bag, vacuum bag, and 2-layer muslin were suitable for Thansirin rice.

(2) Improved rice production and quality under saline soil, high temperature and rice blast disease stresses. Plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) reduces salt stress and increased yield of KDML105 rice by 6.88-26.93% and increased aroma (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2AP) by 56.73-105.98%. Brassinosteroids increased the number of complete filled-grains for rice grown under high temperature in the paddy field. For solving the spread of rice blast disease, a PGPB strain namely, Enterobacter oryziphilus NP19 was able to reduce the rice blast disease severity by 148.92% and increased the amount of KDML105 aroma by 35.20 – 88.74%. Moreover, spraying of wood vinegar (1:300 dilutions in water and 1 mM hydrogen peroxide increased a production of KDML105 aroma. For a biocontrol of insect pest in the rice field, neem and rice paddy herb extracts showed trending to control the population of brownplanthopper insect.

(3) Innovation of value-added products from rice. Rice-based cosmeceutical and spa products used for skin massage and compress have been developed to reach the standard level and registered for the commercial scale up such as facial serum and body lotion. In addition, novel rice-based dietary supplement has been developed as the carrier for herbal extract. Rice starch was used for the production of healthy and ready-to-use Kanom-jeen noodles. ThRSDB database has been constructed to collect and analyze the data of structural information and application of Thai rice starch. Rice straw has been tested as photo catalyst which was able to remove methylene blue and Congo red dyes at 614 and 2628 mg/g, respectively.

(4) Development of rice supply-demand chain. We encouraged and helped farmers to produce organic rice and buy at insurance price. The organic rice was promoted and used as a raw material to produce healthy food and seed production. Moreover, new market channels for local economy were opened and expanded for the exhibition and distribution of organic rice-based products. These exhibiting markets will be available for the publics and so the young farmer, public, students have the opportunity to learn, join and share their experiences and skills.

(5) Chemical-based sensor for smart and safe rice farming. Simple and rapid colorimetric sensor for detection of Cd2+ ion has been constructed from the consolidation of murexide and tetradecyl trimethyl (TTAB) on the surface of silica sol and spectrometry. When the paper-based sensor was tested to detect the Cd2+ ion in rice sample, the recovery was relatively high at approx. 81.02-101.45%. For the detection of glyphosate using spectrophotometry, ninhydrin derivative catalyzed by sodium molybdate was able to detect glyphosate in two water samples from paddy field at 0.016 and 0.038 ?g/mL, respectively.