การพัฒนาพื้นที่เชิงบูรณาการแบบร่วมมือเพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาความยากจนแบบเบ็ดเสร็จและแม่นยำ กรณีศึกษาพื้นที่จังหวัดกาฬสินธุ์

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Abstract

This research study was conducted through the selection of samples from the TPMAP and Kalasin Happiness Model (KHM) data-bases using purposive sampling method. Target groups were 10,154 people including 9,883 ones in the main group and 271 people in the additional target group. However, these data for the quantitative analysis could be collected from only 9,421 people or 92.78 percent while the rest, 733 people or 7.22 percent, did not give back the data. In addition, the qualitative analysis was conducted to confirm the results of a quantitative one by collecting information from 5 dimensions of capital including: human capital, physical capital, financial capital, natural resource and disaster capital, and social capital respectively. The results revealed that.

1. The human capital which is the evaluation of sustainable livelihoods related to poverty which comprises 8 indicators had mean of 2.30 which was in the difficult to live group.
2. The physical capital which is the evaluation of sustainable livelihood associated with poverty of 7 indicators had the mean of 3.01 representing the can live group.
3. The financial capital is the evaluation of sustainable livelihood concerned with poverty consisting of 5 indicators had the mean of 2.28 which was classified in the can live group.
4. The natural resource capital and disaster which is the evaluation of sustainable livelihoods related to poverty consisting of 4 indicators had the mean of 2.72 which was in the can live group.
5. The social capital which is the evaluation of sustainable livelihoods associated with poverty comprising 6 indicators had the mean score of 2.44 which was considered in the difficult to live group respectively.

When considering the difference between the mean score of irrigated and non-irrigated areas in terms of human capital, physical capital, financial capital, natural resource capital, and social capital of Kalasin province, it can be concluded that irrigated and non-irrigated areas of Kalasin province had the difference in terms of human capital and social capital. However, both areas showed the similarity in terms of physical capital, financial capital, and natural resource capital. The results of the qualitative analysis emphasizing on creating the process of participation of relevant sectors in analyzing and learning the data obtained led to the mutual conclusions and driving solutions in terms of policy proposals of poverty alleviation. Kalasin University has involved with the poverty alleviation as the Commission of Strategic Driving for Conducting the Research on Poverty Alleviation during 2020-2021 by the support of the Supporting Unit for Administration and Management of Funds for Area-Based Development (BPT) through the project “The Cooperative Area-Based Development to Solve the Poverty Problems Completely and Precisely Case Study of Kalasin Province” (Jirapun Huaisan et al., 2021). The results could be summarized as follows.

1. Creating the Poverty Awareness with Partnerships in Kalasin Province Driving research projects conducted in the past could generate the awareness of poverty in 2 patterns including:
   (1) creating the awareness to build up the collaboration among networking partners, (2) building shared awareness of poverty in 5 dimensions and use them to solve the poverty problems in terms of.
   (2.1) building the awareness to build the cooperation among networking partners. After the implementation of the Poverty Alleviation Research Project in 2020 by creating awareness via the process of allowing communities, community leaders, people, and volunteers to participate in the search for the underprivileged people, creating the effort to help those people in the community, providing the assistance among the agencies involved with. There was the collaborative implementation of the poverty alleviation policy in terms of both Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches. There were also clear mechanisms from cooperation at the provincial, district, sub-district and local levels including civil society agencies such as the National Council for Peace and Order, the Council of Community Organizations, the Farmers Council, the Farmers Rehabilitation Fund, and the Pidthong Lang Phra Foundation in helping the underprivileged people.
   (2.2) creating collective awareness to understand the 5 dimensions of poverty through the implementation of past poverty alleviation policies focusing on the development of the professional group to enhance the career. In fact, poverty alleviation must be developed to cover all dimensions including dimensions consisting of health, well-being, education, finances, and access to government services. For the complete and precise solution to poverty, there was the design of mechanisms, research processes, and tools for area-based development to support working, helping, monitoring, analyzing and strengthening area-based development mechanisms, and synthesizing data at the household level for solving the poverty problems. There was the collaboration with community leaders, people, local government organizations, and localities to identify poverty together. Moreover, forum to return information at the district level and the provincial level were organized to create awareness of poverty in other dimensions resulting in the transmission of assistance and precise poverty resolution to cover all dimensions throughout Kalasin Province.
2. The verification of data-based of underprivileged people of TPMAP, Kalasin Happiness Model, and below 20% of underprivileged people. The collection of quantitative and qualitative data from a database (Thai People Map and Analytics Platform, TPMAP), and the targeted human development data management system. Revealed that there were 12,912 target underprivileged people or 6,795 households in 2019. The data could be verified by the Kalasin Happiness V.1 database (developed by Kalasin Province and Kalasin University). Moreover, there were 2,640 additional households received from other resources. So, there were 9,394 target households 32,570 people in total of the data verification. The project could transfer the assistance to 58 households. Moreover, the data from the project could also be added into a central data-based developed by the Supporting Unit for Administration and Management of Funds for Area-Based Development (BPT) and the Kalasin Happiness Model.
3. The data analysis and the definition of the underprivileged people in Kalasin Province The data adding and analysis led to the creation of a new definition of the underprivileged people was uniquely manipulated for Kalasin Province. It was publicly informed to create the mutual awareness through forums of data return for all levels. This definition was defined from ranking the scores of critical side which was “The living condition of a person whose income is insufficient to meet their expenditures, income is also less than thirty thousand baht per year per household, living conditions depends on welfare, lacking extra income, and lacking stable housing, place to eat, career opportunities, and skills”. The underprivileged people were classified into 4 groups consisting of cannot live, difficult to live, can live and live happily.
4. The development of process-based innovations at the area – based level to support government agencies to make precisely decisions which was the information of area –based underprivileged household system version 2. The problems of policies implementation that were divided regarding the Thai bureaucratic system and the lack of continuously cooperation caused the relevant sectors for driving poverty alleviation policies to collect the data for reporting to high-level agencies for evaluation of performance of many projects. As a result, there were many sets of databases for solving poverty problems in Kalasin province including provincial level, district level, sub-district level, village level, and local level which were incorrect and inconsistent. Therefore, to conduct the research project in the first year, Kalasin University has studied and developed a single database through the processes of research studies, verification of data-based and confirmation of the information of the underprivileged people to create a household poverty database system. Moreover, there was the reliable and accurate follow-up to help Kalasin Province correctly address the poverty on the right spot for the successful development. The developed system was successfully given to provincial agencies to drive the development in the provincial, district, and sub-district levels.
5. The development of an action model for poverty alleviation that is appropriate for the poor context. (“Poverty Alleviation Model”) at the local level. To conduct research project in the 1st year, there was the development of model to solve poverty problem with the cooperation of local government organization and local networking partners consisting of sub-district committees, people, occupation groups, poor people, and target groups. The project was done by organizing the forum for the integration of poverty alleviation and the activities according to life plans or household development plans based on the actual needs using knowledge and skills that the underprivileged people have for precise development and meet the real needs. Moreover, there was the creation of household development plan and the development of potential professional groups through the use of the Coaching and Mentor systems by experts from Kalasin University who come to take care of the target households in order to transfer suitable knowledge and expertise for the development of each group. This project was integrated with the community merit fund, community occupational fund to support the Pioneer of Poverty Challenge Group (target underprivileged groups) to expand the use of funds as capital for career development and some of the profits are returned to the fund. This could help were able to rely on themselves. There was the fund committee community to monitor, take care of, and be a mentor within the target sub-district resulting in revolving income among the target underprivileged group.
6. Transmission of Assistance Kalasin Province was able to transmit the assistance to the target underprivileged group of 58 households from the implementation of KHM projects, especially the assistance to access to public welfare for 2,360 people, and the assistance of fixing and providing 696 houses. Kalasin University has provided the assistance by transmitting 58 households in urgent need to the Community Organization Development Institute, Community Organizations Council, Farmers Council, Farmers Rehabilitation Fund, Pidthong Lang Phra Foundation and the Community Merit Fund at Kalasin University with the cooperation of Klang Muen Sub-district Municipality and the Committee of Klang Muen Sub-district Municipality allows the target underprivileged group to be immediately assisted during the project implementation.