กลไกการพัฒนา “ลำปางเมืองน่าอยู่สร้างสรรค์”

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Abstract The research project series on “A Development Mechanism for Lampang Creative Livable City” consists of 4 sub-research projects. The objectives are to establish the Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab pilot project, to develop the potential and role of Lampangs creative city, to develop creative Lampang citizens with the concept of a livable city, to develop a creative livable Lampang city management plan, and to develop a prototype of a creative livable space. This research conducts in Lampang Municipality and Khelang Nakhon Municipality. The action plan of the research project series is coordinate and collect the study results of each project, organize activities that support research to achieve the objectives of developing Lampang Creative Livable City. The important tools which use for running the project are Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab Finally, there are two levels of development mechanisms, the creative livable district level and creative livable cities. There are the body of knowledge of Creative Activity Development Guidelines using cultural potential and human resources costs and creativity to support a creative district, and the body of knowledge of Participation in the creation of a creative city and a set of body of knowledge indicators for creative livable city from international creative cities and national level, and a body of knowledge about “Creative City Management Plan and Mechanism for Lampang Creative Livable City management” originated from the process that brought stakeholders together to analyze the action plan.

Driving goals and mechanisms or approaches to drive the city of Lampang to be livable and creative. Recommendations from research found that there should be the physical, economic, and social information of the province integrated which to be able to develop the Lampang project in the manner of working together with all sectors, promote human development to create a learning, participation, action process, to urban development for people in the area to understand and join in the city development. Supporting for establishment of a working group to drive the city of Lampang to be livable and creative, and support activities that emphasize the participation process of local people. Executive Summary Project Title: A Development Mechanism for Lampang Creative Livable City Research Objectives 1. To establish the Lampang Creative Lab pilot project 2. To develop the potential and role of Lampang as a creative livable city 3. To develop creative Lampang citizens according to the concept of a livable city 4. To develop a management plan for Lampang as a creative livable city 5. To develop a prototype for a creative livable space Research Background Lampang Province has a distinctive identity in terms of culture, way of life and natural resources. It is the city with the most horse-drawn carriages still in use in Thailand, it is a hub for ceramics, pottery and coal, and there is a famous elephant training center. As the Lampang motto states, it is a city of “Widely known coal, renowned horse-drawn carriages, famous ceramics, the distinguished Pra That and the well-known Elephant Conservation Center” (http://lampang.go.th/images/Eng/eng_v.html).

This investigation was created following assessment of the problems and local needs in Lampang Province and was designed as a means of achieving the Lampang vision for a ‘pleasant city and a city of happiness’. The project was created to help develop a good environment for the people of Lampang and generate a license to operate as a livable city in the region and stimulate growth in the country as a whole. This operation requires cooperation with all relevant sectors, including the government, the private sector, the education sector, and the local community in four sub-projects, namely:
Sub-project 1: Lampangs Potential and Role of Being a Livable and Creative City
Sub-project 2: Lampang Creative Citizen Development with a Livable City Concept
Sub-project 3: A Development of Lampang Livable Creative City Management Planning
Sub-project 4: A Prototype Development of a Creative Living Space It is hoped that these four sub-projects will solve problems associated with poverty, reduce inequalities, and improve the quality of life and livelihoods in agricultural communities. These were key issues identified in the twenty-year strategy (2018-2037), which outlines the governments key policies for leading the country out of the middle-income trap. This investigation is therefore a contribution towards the national aim of making Thailand a developed country in the 21st century by using knowledge, science, technology and innovation to further develop and strengthen local communities.

The research will be applied to improve the lives and well-being of community members in each locality to be self-reliant, which is the key to solving problems. Research Methodology This research project series, entitled “A Development Mechanism for Lampang Creative Livable City”, was conducted in the area of Lampang Municipality and Khelang Nakhon Municipality, Lampang Province. Operations in each sub-project were carried out as a sequential research process that led to the fulfilment of overall project goals. Each part of the project was an operational element to organize activities that support research in achieving the objectives of developing a creative livable city in Lampang.

The important tool of the investigation was the Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab, which played three important roles:
1. Organizing activities to support Lampang as a creative livable city
2. Coordinating the project with all relevant stakeholders
3. Publicizing Lampang as a creative livable city The research plan was to coordinate with agencies and local communities to establish Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab for organizing working group meetings and following up on the performance of each project.

The lab was also used to organize events, to launch the development mechanism project, to organize exhibitions, discussions and events in Lampang, to summarize the results of the project to people in the area and to prepare a website, new media, social media video clips and publications that promote Lampang as a livable creative city. Results Due to the spread of the COVID-19 virus in 2020, the implementation stage of the project was unable to operate fully. The researchers were unable to physically visit the area to collect data, meet local people and coordinate with local agencies and communities in the Lampang area. However, the working group of the overall project and the sub-projects held meetings to plan the implementation of the investigation and tracked overall progress through online meetings. In the third and fourth quarters of 2020, when the overall epidemic situation improved, the project implementation group therefore began to visit the area to coordinate with government agencies related to urban development and tourism development. The researchers also organized a meeting to launch the project and communicate the guidelines and operational goals to the public sector, private sector and community representatives so that they were fully informed. The Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab was also established at this time in Kad Kong Ta, Talat Kao Road, Mueang Lampang District. This is the city center. An Overview of Operations Government agencies, business representatives and civil groups in Lampang engaged with and cooperated in the operation, especially driving the establishment of the Lampang Creative Lab. This was supported by the Kad Kong Ta Committee. entrepreneurs in Kad, community representatives, and monks from Wat Koh Welukaram. Key local stakeholders were also involved in preparations for the launch of the laboratory, including representatives from government agencies, the provincial governor, representatives from Lampang Municipality and Khelang Nakhon Municipality, and representatives from the Lampang Office of the Tourism Authority of Thailand. This should be considered a good start for the initiative and showed the willingness of all parties to participate and drive the goals of the project. It is thus a common goal of Lampang people to develop the area into a creative livable city.

The key operational activities were as follows:
1. Establishment of Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab at Kad Kong Ta
2. Organization of an event to launch the development mechanism for Lampang Creative Livable City
3. Organization of exhibitions and discussions in Lampang Creative Livable City and the official launch event of the Lampang Creative Lab. This installation delivered happiness and inspired creative ideas among local people to drive Lampang as a creative livable city
4. Organization of an online talk summarizing the ability of the Lampang Creative Livable City project to generate work in the area.

The issues presented were:
1) Opportunities and readiness of Lampang to become a liveable city by Friday, July 30, 2021
2) The future of Lampang Creative Livable City
3) Roadmap for the creative development of Lampang
4) Creative Lampang: Growth through identity, strength through quality service.
5) Preparation of a website, social media video clip and publications to promote Lampang as a livable and creative city a. A website to disseminate information related to the research projects under the domain name ‘lampangcreativelivablecity.com’.

This contained information to develop the potential and role of Lampang as a creative livable city and presented city data as an urban data platform, as well as analytical data to support the design and planning of a creative livable city. b. A video of the Lampang Creative Lab launch was published on its Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/Lampang.CreativeLivableCity/videos/393464314980509 c. The Lampang Creative & Livable City Facebook page publishes research, data and public relations announcements for the pilot area, including development activities and workshop activities. The key operations of the project series in achieving the research objectives were as follows: 1. Establishment of Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab The Lampang Creative & Livable City Lab was established as a central area to drive activities in all sub-projects. This was established under the development mechanism project for Lampang Creative Livable City and became a central area for collecting information on the potential of Lampang City as a place to exchange ideas on urban development, as well as learning resources, workshops, creative activities, and upskill and re-skill development for entrepreneurs and residents of Lampang. It was also a source for disseminating news and information about tourism in Lampang and for hosting exhibitions on the topics of livability and creativity. 2. To develop the potential and role of Lampang as a creative livable city Potential and Role of livable and creative city of Lampang is about responses to research questions that what definitions and criteria of a livable and creative city are, what the attitude of Lampang people towards the characteristics of a livable and creative city is, how the indicators of being a liveable and creative city suitable for Lampang are and what the potential and role of Lampang is. The presentation of Lampang city information on the issue of livable and creative city development (Urban data Platform) can summarize the overview of the study results as follows: This is to analyze the indicators of the livable and creative city of Lampang. They are obtained from the collection of concepts, definition and criteria divided into livable city and creative city. The definition of a livable city varies according to the basic conditions and needs of the people in that community. The origin of the concept from the World Health Organization uses the word “Healthy Cities” which means good health city. The definition covers well-being of people, physical environment, socio-economic environment as well as the spirituality that binds things in the context of the place.

There are 11 elements of a livable city that are most referred to:
1. Good physical environment, clean and safe housing
2. Stable ecosystem
3. Strong community
4. Peoples participation
5. People receive basic necessities
6. People have rights and opportunities to receive information
7. Diversified economic systems
8. People in each community have unique cultural heritage links
9. Make the most of the available natural resources
10. Provides adequate public health services.
11.People are healthy.

In term of the definition of creative city, UNESCO describes creative city as a collaboration between local communities and the government in building a city through environmental development, social structure, economic structure and implementation of cultural assets, history, customs, and local customs blended with modern technology. They lead to be a city that has a conductive atmosphere to building a business or a creative industry.

The key elements of a creative city are
1) Building a cultural identity for the city
2) Creating an open social environment (Diversity & Open Society) to create cultural exchanges and creativity
3) Gathering creative thinkers and entrepreneurs (Talent/Creative Entrepreneur) to gather creative people to mix cultures and local wisdom, together with technology, culture and business management that creates employment and purchasing power in circulation as a mechanism for economic growth.
4) The creation of space and facilities must create sufficient infrastructure and quality creating an conductive environment to motivate thinkers and creative business
5) City management: Government and private organizations must have a vision of urban development by being a flexible organization and work together to achieve goals creatively.

There is a way to improve the city to be a creative City by combining history and creativity for the city to blend together. There are development of the Urban Data Platform for a livable and creative city of Lampang. It is a collection of needs with a semi-structured interview. The data are gathered from technology research, attendance of the workshop of executives and stakeholders. The Geographic Information Database (GIS) is improved to design information architectures and data warehouse structure by showing the results of the assessment via the online system, Facebook “Lampang is a livable and creative city”. The contents of the manual will consist content on conducting research projects such as the concept of a liveable and creative city and the indicators of liveable and creative city. The assessment of the potential and role of a liveable and creative city can download through the above online channels. 3. To develop creative Lampang citizens according to the concept of a livable city Creative Lampang citizenship in the context of a livable city meant citizenship in dimensions of the incorporation into a community or society. Creative Lampang citizens were expected to have characteristics. The city requires attributes or qualities that demonstrated attitudes in order to encourage it to move forward in a way that was appropriate and acceptable to its members in general. Citizens knowledge and skills could help to strengthen and improve the citys livability, promoting a more sustainable and livable city in the future. Attitude refers to a persons or group members thoughts, feelings, understandings, and so on toward the group and the city of Lampang in various aspects. Knowledge refers to the ability to understand and apply knowledge for the benefit of oneself, ones community, and society, whereas skill refers to a persons or a group members aptitude and expertise in carrying out the work. Another requirement for creative Lampang citizens living in various areas and cities is knowledge and expertise in modern skills and processes, such as the ability to use social media devices, systems thinking, and the process of imagining the future through the use of systems, communication and persuasive skills, excellent customer service abilities, etc. In this research project, the research team presented the positive characteristics of creative Lampang citizenship in the context of a livable city.

There were four main characteristics:
1. Attitude characteristics of creative Lampang citizens consists of four sub-features, namely self-responsibility and participation in community development, public consciousness, Lampang city consciousness, and coexistence psychology.
2. Knowledge characteristics of creative Lampang citizens consist of four sub-features: knowledge of livable cities and creative cities, creativity, innovation or new process, and Lampang history in order to transit to the future and occupation.
3. Skill characteristics of creative Lampang citizens consist of four sub-features: creative communication skills, systematic thinking, teamwork and skills in analyzing and solving problems.
4. Specific characteristics of Lampang citizens. Creativity refers to new ideas and actions that differ from but do not contradict the original ideas while promoting, building on, and broadening the scope of values. To be more broad than before, for example, the development of the carriage drivers service with a different action could make more impression, the development of sales patterns and product forms of ceramic products, etc. If Lampang citizens good qualities were creative in these four areas to expand and develop more groups of citizens, then creative citizens with similar forms would be obtained. However, they only differ in terms of a specific groups creative abilities, which were considered specific professions that could be developed in other areas of Thailand. If you want to develop your own citizens to be creative, as in Lampang, the same development mode could be taken as the process is not complicated and could be implemented right away. The focus of creative citizenship development was collaboration and explosive needs, which means that researchers could not simply review the literature, study the papers, and direct their ideas to members of the creative city to develop where they need, because this will be seen from the outside and it was a development that the local people do not want. Operations will be more effective with brainstorming, joint needs analysis, projecting the future together and summarizing the needs of the city, rather than the needs of outsiders. And the cooperation was moving slowly but steadily.

4. To develop a management plan for Lampang as a creative livable city Developing the management plans of Lampang Creative Livable City is to answer the research questions in the objectives of what factors affected the development of Lampang Creative Livable City, including problems, opportunities and trends in developing Lampang to be a creative livable city and what the future trends of Lampang Creative Livable City will be, and how the capacity is to support such development in the area, and also should have a frame or what the goals of developing Lampang to be a creative livable city are, including finding answers to the mechanisms in driving Lampang Creative Livable City in the future should have an action plan in driving concretely. Its will be an analysis of the capability of being Lampang Creative Livable City, which has been analyzed the external and internal factors affected the development of Lampang City to be a creative livable city, including analyzing problems, opportunities and trends in developing Lampang to be a creative livable city to bring to a conclusion of the ability to support the development of Lampang Creative Livable City physically, economically and socially, which the study results revealed that the factors affected the development of Lampang to be a creative livable city consist of both external and internal factors. This can be seen from the policy, development strategy from national to local level contributing to the development of Lampang city to a creative city whether it will be the development of basic projects to support the development of the city, the development of a livable city, including economic development in the area by pushing in driving towards a creative economy, and for internal factors, it can be seen that the physical, economic and social factors of the study area have potential and readiness for development whether it will be the characteristic of a mixed land use, and it also has principles in developing the area, and preserving the identity of Lampang people at the same time as well as having transportation routes that can easily reach the areas, and can connect to the surrounding areas as well consisting of economic development, we will begin to see creative developments occurred in the areas, in new creative businesses, creative spaces and creative activities, consisting of the original cost of tourism in Lampang with various forms of tourism, which can be linked to driving the creative economy and in terms of social can be seen that the people in the study area are strong, and can play a role in co-developing Lampang city into a creative livable city for instance establishing LAMPANG DEVELOPMENT CITY CO., LTD., etc., including in the study results analyzed the values and importance of the areas will be seen that in the study areas that have values and importance of the areas that can be further developed to be a creative in the future, which consists of Pong Sanuk Community, Kad Kong Ta Community, Tha Ma-O Community, Kad Kao Chao Community, Sop Tui Community, etc., which analysis of the factors affected the development of Lampang to be a creative livable city, problems, opportunities and trends in developing Lampang to be a creative livable city. Therefore, it can be inferred that the study areas have potential for development to support the creation of a livable city in the future. From the factors affected the development of Lampang to be a creative livable city, including problems, opportunities and trends in developing Lampang to be a creative livable city, and the trend to develop Lampang Creative Livable City in the future, and how the capability analysis results in supporting the development will lead to the determination of the frameworks or goals in developing Lampang city to be a creative livable city,

which the study results revealed that the goals and frameworks that Lampang people focus on for the development of creative livable areas have to be consistent under the contexts of spatial development as follows:
1) Focusing on the areas that have the values of resources and the environment by focusing on conservation and restoration of resources and environment in the areas of Lampang to facilitate the development of being a creative livable city, including causing benefits to the local areas in terms of economy and environment.
2) City development must be developed under the identity and historical value of Lampang by focusing on the development of the city that continues the role of Lampang that does not leave two important distinctive identities, namely the development of the city to promote the city of horse-drawn carriages, and the living old city (old town, cultural city)
3) The development for creative space aims towards development of a creative city based on elements of creative city, namely creative business development, creative space, and the promotion of creative activities of the city that indicates forms, identity, and diversity that are organized continuously, and come from the participation of local people. Afterwards, it led to the creation of the development concept of Lampang Creative Livable City in the process of creating the development concepts of Lampang Creative Livable City that brought the stakeholders to participate in the analysis process to get the development concepts that comes from Lampang people, which from the research process found that the ideas in developing Lampang to be creative and livable under the goals and development frameworks that have been co-analyzed by focusing on the development of Lampang Creative Livable City sustainably under 2 main concepts, namely
1) The development of a city that makes friend with people is to create a good environment and quality of life for Lampang people, having a caring society with a strong community, having the convenience and safety in life and property
2) Promotion of various cultural activities is having a promotion of various cultural activities to create a stable economic system, having a unique culture and spirit of the city and community, and having a dense gathering of creative workers, and having the environment suitable for getting inspiration and learning.

From these two concepts, it can be seen that the efforts of every sectors that will prepare the areas to become Lampang Creative Livable City that is creating an ecosystem of Lampang Creative Livable City by consisting of 3 main components, namely
1) Cultural costs
2) people/a driven person
3) marketing In the process, the stakeholders were brought to co-analyze the action plans, driving goals and mechanisms or the ways to drive Lampang Creative Livable City, which the analysis has also been used data that the project was analyzed a gap of policy or plans in developing Lampang city towards driving the city into a creative livable city, which this created a driving action plan that supports the creation of ecosystems.

5. To develop a prototype for a creative livable space The potential for a creative livable city prototype in areas of Lampang according to the creative livable city indicators, it was found that Lampang residents focused on accessing basic services at all levels (education, public health and safety). To develop the city into a creative livable space, Lampang residents felt that initiatives should build on the creative capital of the city. In terms of culture, the architecture, the old town, the history, the horse-drawn carriages and the ceramics were the factors deemed to represent a creative livable city in Lampang. In order for the objectives to be realised, residents felt that developers must foster an environment that promotes creativity and livability through the conservation of green areas, supporting the new generation, and opening spaces for cultural expression. The results of the assessment of Lampangs potential and role as a creative livable city found that Lampang is a city that is ready to be developed as a livable space with a high level of creativity. There is an existing infrastructure, cultural capital, resources, strong civil society and support from local authorities that are conducive to such development. In order to develop a prototype for a creative livable space, data was analyzed for the potential and role of the creative livable city in Lampang according to the identified indicators. Analysis found that cultural capital must be inherited. Lampang is a city with a thousand-year history of city building and settlement. It has been a center of travel in every major Thai era. Therefore, it is a diverse city with a huge cultural capital, such as handicrafts, carvings and local recipes. This complements the natural capital, such as kaolin, which is the main raw material of ceramics, and includes knowledge of local learning and processes. There are also many museums and learning resources. However, despite the availability of existing cultural learning areas, Lampang lacks systematic knowledge management. This makes it impossible to communicate and disseminate the local culture and add economic value. Existing capital can only be preserved in those groups with a vested interest. In an area where people are becoming less and less interested in the preservation of culture, that culture must be communicated to the people and made relevant to their everyday lives. This will make them interested in its inheritance, create added value and generate income for the community.

A creative living space is an area with four main components:
1) outstanding cultural capital that is unique, diverse and can add value to the economy, society, culture and environment
2) people or groups of people considered thinkers or creative entrepreneurs. This is an important mechanism for driving creative livable areas
3) Activities that are economically, socially and culturally diversified
4) an environment that encourages creativity and promotes economic, social and cultural activities.

The goals achieved after the completion of the research project were as follows:
1. There were two levels of development mechanism at the area level, namely: a. Creative Livable Neighborhood Mechanism – this included district residents and entrepreneurs in Ta Maoh and Kad Kong, as well as representatives of the Horse-Drawn Carriage Association and Creative Business Group, totaling 40 people. b. Creative Livable Cities Mechanism – this included local government agencies in Lampang Municipality and Khelang Municipality, as well as representatives from the Lampang Provincial Tourism and Sports Office and the Lampang branch of the Tourism Authority of Thailand.
2. The body of knowledge and information to develop a geospatial inspection mechanism for urban mobility, which were: a. Knowledge of Creative Activity Development Guidelines by using potential, cultural capital, human resources and creativity to support creative districts Guidelines for developing creative activities resulting from the preparation of a pilot project and upskill and re-skill development activities of Sub-Project 2: Lampang Creative Citizen Development with a Livable City Concept and Sub-Project 4: Prototype Development of a Creative Living Space. Implementation of the second sub-project on the development and enhancement of new skills (upskilling) and the development of existing skills (re-skilling) of the horse-drawn carriage drivers, creative entrepreneurs, government personnel group, cultural community group and the Kad Kong Ta group. Helping to build capacity and knowledge among Lampang citizens as well as a common understanding of the guidelines for the development of creative activities to support the development of Lampang as a creative livable city. Implementation of the fourth sub-project to develop prototypes for livable areas through creative pilots named ‘Lampang Old Town’ and the ‘Lampang Horse-Drawn Carriage: Spirit of Lampang’, respectively. These originated from participation with Lampang citizens to develop creative activities. These people were directly involved in urban development. The pilot activities were therefore a new set of experiences and knowledge for Lampang citizens that raised awareness and helped them to understand the approach to developing creative livable cities through real-world, hands-on activities. These were achieved through the research project, using Lampang Creative Lab as a central learning platform and conducting experiments in accordance with the development guidelines. b. Knowledge of Participation in Building a Creative City by surveying the area, holding meetings with focus groups, creating pilot activities at the Lampang Creative Lab and through online forums. This was the process of developing the participation of people in all areas by combining the concepts of creative livable cities in every process and activity. This allowed those involved to gain experience and learn the value of participating in urban development according to the guidelines for developing creative activities. It also encouraged them to support the development of a creative livable city in Lampang according to the designed development plan. 3. Urban development knowledge as a Mechanism for the Development of Lampang Creative Livable City, which was used to expand spatial results and propose a spatial policy. a. Indicators for Lampang Creative Livable City were formulated based on related issues in other domestic and international creative livable cities, combined with results from the analysis of the potential of Lampang and opinions of Lampang residents. These were collectively used to determine suitable criteria for indicators that could be used to analyze the potential and readiness of Lampang City. The researchers obtained important information to formulate indicators and identify milestones for the development of Lampang that could inform future planning and policy-making for the development of Lampang as a creative livable city. The indicators emerged from the process of joint consideration by those involved in the development of Lampang. This was achieved by organizing a forum to brain