การวิจัยพัฒนาเชิงพื้นที่เพื่อการลดความยากจนและการพัฒนาความเท่าเทียมในประเทศไทย: กรณีศึกษาจังหวัดปัตตานี ระยะที่ 2

Title

Area-Based Collaborative Research on Reducing Poverty and Improving Equity in Thailand: A Case Study of Pattani Province Phase 2

Keywords

Improving Equity,Pattani Province,Poverty Eradication

Abstract

The area-based collaboration research on reducing poverty and improving equality in Thailand: A case study of Pattani province, phase 2, has five main objectives:

1) To search, review, and survey the poverty of peoples capital and households in Pattani Province with 100% quality data from the Thai People Map and Analytics Platform (TPMAP) data management system.
2) To develop a system and mechanism for referral of assistance with relevant agencies in the area, province, and central area to achieve 100% efficiency
3) To design and develop poverty alleviation models that will solve poverty problems completely and sustainably
4) To jointly develop policy proposals, support, or link to a development plan for remedial action for the problem of local poverty in Pattani province with relevant agencies
5) To develop systems and mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating poverty alleviation, with indications, and guidelines for measuring project achievement in the short and long term.

The research results are as follows:
1. Development of information systems for the poverty-stricken people and households at the local level in Pattani province by searching and reviewing data. This research area was chosen as Yaring District because it is the district with the highest concentration of poverty-stricken households in Pattani province. Yaring district has potential in the area and has agencies that are ready to integrate with solving problems and developing. There is also a mechanism for civil society, business, and academic sectors that are ready to operate together.

Researchers focused on the process of collecting and validating data to ensure the highest accuracy. There are five audit procedures, which are:
1) Volunteers began the data collecting process by collecting data in each village
2) Data validation process from questionnaires was done by researchers and research assistants
3) The process of correcting data in the event that wrong data is found
4) The process of recording the data into the system, and
5) The process of validation after the data is recorded into the system.

In conducting phase 2 of this research, the researchers searched and reviewed the data of the poverty-stricken households in the district. Yaring was 100% complete according to the TPMAP database, with a search and review of 1,933 poverty-stricken households in Yaring district in 18 sub-districts, and 81 villages. During this research 1,672 households were able to be collected, and 261 households were unable to collect data. The reason being: for moving to another place, the informant was not found or was not at home while visiting the area and did not wish to provide information. In this regard, the researchers conducted a search for additional households in the survey (add-on) in each sub-district, totaling 142 households. To ensure the most efficient system for research and review of information, the information of the poverty-stricken, the target group, and the poor people should be monitored and updated every year. To keep the information up-to-date leading to effective operations, the data in TPMAP should be reviewed and corrected due to some inaccuracies. This may affect the search for the precise target audience of the impoverished.

2. Development of systems and mechanisms for monitoring and referral of assistance for transferring information of impoverished households from the database system to the provincial poverty alleviation cooperation mechanism There are two types of development of systems and mechanisms for follow-up and referral of assistance: 2.1 Forwarding information on impoverished households from the database system to the provincial poverty alleviation cooperation mechanism, especially those who need urgent help immediately or are in a state of emergency and livelihood. The study found that Pattani Province has not yet established a system or guidelines for referrals to help people or impoverished households who need immediate assistance in a structured and responsible procedure. Such a system will be beneficial in solving problems both in urgent cases and in cases where issues need to be resolved together by many parties. 2.2 Direct transmission of impoverished household information from the database system to the responsible agency for the issue To follow up on the information transmission of people and impoverished households in Pattani Province according to the Feedback Loops, 6 agencies receive this information, namely the Pattani Community Development Office, Office of Social Development and Human Security Pattani Province, Pattani Provincial Administrative Organization, Pattani Community College Center for Non-formal and Informal Education, Mueang Pattani District Pattani Provincial Treasury Office. The total number of referrals was 21,253 households and 47,642 people received and did not receive social welfare cards in Pattani Province. To follow-up the agency can not immediately affect the project. Therefore, there should be periodic follow-up to get the results of using the information for the benefit of the target group. 3. Operating Model from data analysis to design and implement solutions for poverty alleviation The research team selected the poverty alleviation area from the data of targeted poor households in the Yaring District. The research team studied the data and selected “Tali-Ai Sub-district” which is an operational area for developing a model to solve poverty together with Yaring Sheriff and Yaring District Government Heads. From a survey of data in the PPP CONNEXT system, it was found that the five dimensions of living capital of Tali- Ai sub-district had physical capital with the highest average (2.93 sufficiency), followed by natural capital (2.62 sufficiency), economic capital (2.23 in hardship), human capital (2.03 hard to live), and social capital (1.58 in hardship), respectively. The five dimensions of living capital analysis according to the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF); used data from community forums to explore the potential and readiness of target households to design a poverty alleviation (OM) action aligned with household capital, community and meet the needs of poor households in Tali-Ai Sub-District, that is, a model for poverty alleviation “Sustainable Tali-Ai (Eco-Tali-Ai): Ecology creates economy in Tali-Ai” consisting of 4 OMs: 1) Tali-Ai Care 2) Tali-Ai Creative 3) Tali- Ai Agronomy and 4) Tali-Ai Biz, whose operating results are as follows: 3.1 Tali-Ai Care 3.1.1 Health dimension (Tali-Ai Health) The research project was carried out in 3 areas: 1) promoting community health in Tali-Ai Sub-district 2) Assessment of knowledge of the ability to take care of health care in the community of VHVs (Village Health Volunteers), developing knowledge and skills of community health care workers and 3) value monitoring and evaluation of action against poverty with key agencies in the area. The results of the operation found that The health-poor households in Tali-Ai sub-district that participated in the project also had little change in behaviors that contributed to their well-being. Therefore, additional activities need to be established. Especially food issues for people with NCDs. 3.1.2 Education dimension (Tali-Ai Education) This was done by searching for information on children and youth who dropped out of formal education. Including finding ways to promote and support alternatives for children and youth who have dropped out of formal education. It was found that households that fell into educational vulnerabilities consisted of a total of 78 households with a total of 138 people. The target group is only 18 people participating in the project due to economic capital problems. Some parents do not support and encourage their childrens education. In addition, some families do not encourage children to receive higher education than compulsory education. Because of this belief, it is important to suggest that education is a factor that improves the quality of life, for children and families. 3.1.3 People empowerment dimension (Tali-Ai Empowerment) The empowerment dimension is to focus on adjusting the way of thinking of the members of the impoverished household to have the intention to change themselves from within. The ปรับเป็นresearchers will empower them by organizing vocational skills development training that extends from the previous occupation or the potential that members of impoverished households have. Including empowerment by stimulation, following closely, appreciating, encouraging, and admonishing appropriately, so OM Empowerment is included in every sub-OM. 3.1.4 Handicraft products and creative tourism (Tali-Ai Creative) The results of the analysis of five dimensions of living capital and the results of the community forum led to the conclusion of the issues for participative development of the target impoverished households, using the concept of “Creative Economy” to enhance the identity and novelty of arts and crafts. Upgrading the skills and craftsmanship of the target group. The results of the analysis of efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability guidelines of OM Tali-Ai Creative are classified into 3 sub-operations as follows: 1) Tali-Ai Crafts, handicrafts, the results showed that 1) the project participants who did not have skills became proficient over time 2) A benefits management system was created 3) Working across different areas and attaining new skills. The target groups participating in the project earned between 1,400-7,725 baht per month per person. However, the target group members have different skills in basic craftsmanship, this resulted in a lack of continuity in skill training. They should have a caretaker to give advice closely. 2) Tali-Ai Remake, value creation from waste material/old fabric, the results showed that 1) the project participants understood the concept of BCG and 2) the project participants understood the design that took into account the buyers needs very much. 3) New skills in production and product development are born. Target groups participating in the project have income between 150-1,500 baht per month per person. As for the way to create sustainability, it is to develop craftsmanship to be more refined and skillful. Expanding the group to produce the right amount for the market and should find ways to reduce or control production costs including finding more marketing channels to expand production and increase household income. In this process, innovations of color barriers from para rubber glue and native rice flour have been developed for career development and uplifting the communitys income in batik making. 3) Tali-Ai Tour, a creative tourism event received cooperation from the sample farm in using the area and operations which is currently in the process. 3.1.5 Agriculture and Livestock (Tali-Ai Agronomy) The agricultural and livestock poverty alleviation operation had several poverty-stricken people/targeted impoverished households participating in 59 people, consisting of 3 occupation groups: 1) agricultural occupation (vegetable cultivation), 15 of the target poor people participating in the activity; 2) working occupations. In the fields, 13 target impoverished people were participating in the activity, and 3) Livestock occupation. 10 target impoverished people were participating in the activity. The researchers measured the efficiency of the operation by measuring specific knowledge of occupational skills measurement (before – after) knowledge of all 3 occupations can be summarized as follows. 3.1.5.1) Agricultural occupation group (planting vegetables, and herbs) found that the target group had increased knowledge of specific occupations. When considering each aspect, it was found that the knowledge of income-expense accounting and financial system management increased the most. Knowledge of managing and solving problems that arise during cultivation preparation has the least increase In terms of vocational skills assessment, vegetable cultivation occupational skills development, it was found that the participants had the skills to manage and solve problems arising after planting – the productivity of cultivation increased the most. While cultivation preparation skills (preparing the area, and soil, and studying for knowledge of cultivation methods) were the least. 3.1.5.2) Livestock occupation group (goat-raising, sheep) The results of the measurement of specific knowledge development skills in livestock (goat-raising, sheep) found that the target group had increased professional knowledge. When considering each aspect, it was found that the specific knowledge that increased the most was knowledge on the management and problem-solving of important diseases and parasites in goats. And the least increasing aspect was knowledge of the goat farming system. As for the measurement of vocational skills, it was found that the target group had increased knowledge of vocational skills. Considering each aspect, it was found that the knowledge of occupational skills that had the greatest value was the skills for working according to the methods of goat rearing. The side that increases the least is a skill for daily operations in a goat house. 3.1.5.3) Agricultural (farming) occupation group, the researchers found that the target impoverished group of Village No. 1, Ban Tali-Ai, and Village No. 2 Ban Bagong in Tali-Ai Sub-district, Ya Ring District, Pattani Province interested in farming have come together set up as a large plot (Large plot of rice, Tali-Ai sub-district) Lessons learned from the action to combat poverty in agriculture and livestock found that there should be coordination of agencies. Local network and university in training, educating and developing professional skills and household saving skills 3.1.6 Local food products (Tali-Ai Tastes) Actions to reduce poverty and drive operations to promote local food in Tali-Ai sub-district and food processing, namely traditional curry, and local food with community identity. The first local food to be developed was Traditional Beef Curry Or in the local Malay language called “Kaeng Kutu”. An ancient recipe of beef curry that Malays in the three southern border provinces can eat during special festivals such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha Day or as the local Malay language is called Raya day only Kaeng Ku Tu is a blend of local herbs and spices, including ginger, galangal, lemongrass, coriander, chili, etc. The target impoverished households have the opportunity to participate in the upstream process, which is the cultivation of medicinal plants. In the middle of the water is cooking curry. At present, the development of ready-to-eat curry products is in the process of requesting certification for food and drug standards (FDA) and Halal standards. Toyib Tali-Ai: Food Product Development Group in Tali-Ai Subdistrict” to jointly develop products and generate additional income for households. Should increase knowledge and develop management and marketing skills and arrange for a plan to build greenhouses in the community to support production according to production standards. 3.1.7 Herbal products (Tali-Ai Herbs) OM Tali-Ai-Herbs Focus on promoting and developing the potential of the target poor by linking with the Tali-Ai Agro sub-project and the Tali-Ai Tastes sub-project, focusing on the cultivation of medicinal plants. Forwarding of produce to the processing of food containing medicinal plants and processing herbs to develop into different types of herbal products. Operations for the treatment of poor medicinal products consist of 1) Workshops on technology transfer and the process of cultivation of medicinal plants and herbs with economic value; 2) Workshops on transfer knowledge and process of product development and processing to create value-added products for agricultural products and medicinal plants. 3) Workshop on knowledge transfer and process of development and processing of herbal products for consumption. 4) Product and product quality testing 5) Cost calculation workshop management, market survey, marketing plan, and business opportunity creation. From the operation, it was found that the operation of OM herbal products will be successful. Integration of work and set goals between local agencies, both public and private sectors should be set to contribute to the development of product standards to be certified for quality. This includes bringing the product to the national market. 3.1.8 Business and Marketing (Tali-Ai Biz) Researchers have developed a network of social benefits for the impoverished. Creating a comprehensive marketing network that benefits the impoverished to become part of the chain in the marketing network, which has five main components: 1) Warehouse is a point of collecting products from the community, both from the impoverished and the network to wait for distribution. 2) Marketing & Service Center, which at the moment, the research team has created a prototype online selling website called MoreMart-SHOP. 3) Transportation Center (Logistics) is a center for sending products from manufacturers to warehouses and delivering products from warehouses to consumers. It will use the services of franchisees of suitable transport companies such as Kerry Flash EMS express, etc. 4) Online Sales Force Development Center 5) Community bazaar and offline network shop. The research team collaborated with local authorities and local people to prepare to build a flea market in the area around the model farm in Queen Sirikit. However, the production potential and products from the Tali-Ai district are insufficient. Driving to the market both online and offline; still unable to complete the work according to the 5 systems designed. 4. Support system for the development of policy recommendations and development plans to address poverty Supporting the development of policy recommendations and development plans to address poverty. Researchers have developed and submitted policy proposals to reduce cross-generational poverty and inequality. Under the context of a strong multicultural society Contained in the Pattani Provincial Development Plan 2023-2027 Using data from research projects in Phase 1 and Phase 2, as well as participating as a unit of action to drive the implementation of poverty eradication and development of people of all ages according to the philosophy of the provincial sufficiency economy. 5. Development of systems and mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating poverty alleviation Researchers have designed a tracking system using Microsoft access that meets high-level requirements. In particular, creating networked database programs that can easily connect to other databases. The access database system is a system that uses relational data which will look at the format as a table of data. It identifies relationships between data groups to take advantage of those relationships. Users can use access to manage databases, add, delete, edit and search data, so they are suitable for tracking. Individual target groups in Tali-Ai Subdistrict, amounting to 190 households, to know the changes. This will be in line with the following objectives: to develop a system and mechanism for monitoring and evaluating poverty alleviation, indicators, and guidelines for measuring project achievement both in the short and long term.